Painful realities :: English Literature:

Painful realities Poetry creates awareness of painful realities. This can be appreciated in particular to war poetry where generally it is the aim of the poet to educate people on the horrific events that take place during the bleak years on the battlefields. The painful realities are expressed through metaphors, similes, specific tone of language and mood. Furthermore, poets use tempo, reflections and questions in their writing in order to express their feelings and what war is essentially about. In order to study at how poetry creates awareness, four poems will be considered. These are War, Chick Martin Dulce et Decorum Est, Wilfred Owen Grenade, Francis Scarfe Bombardment, D H Lawrence In the first poem, it is evident that painful realities are created through the author’s use of descriptive language and his ability to describe the scenes on the battle fields and the impacts later. There is no regular structure to the poem although there is a reoccurring line at the conclusion of each stanza; War is war, nothing more. This is the basis to the poem, explaining to readers that war is as it appears. It is as the gruesome scenes of violence, death and pain. There are The erratic shorter versus increase the intensity Dulce et Decorum Est creates the realities through careful structure. After describing how the soldiers, trudged through the mud, â€Å"blood shod and drunk with fatigue,† it then describes the gas bombs. With clever use of metaphor, the green gas becomes a misty sea where soldiers drown as their lungs are burnt. Owen then concludes his poem, questioning the government, questioning Jessie Pope and questioning the world that so ruthlessly lied to young men, forcing them to enlist. He questions the old adage, ‘dulce et decorum est pro patria mori,’ (it is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country.) The realities are so well depicted in this poem by Owen through the choice of punctuation and use of reflection. Exclamation marks are employed, exemplifying the intensity of the cries of the soldiers and how they tried to warn each other of the green sea. Owen is able to

The Great Change (Langston Hughes)

One of the most important men in the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes. His identity was formed in the neighborhood of New York City although it was said that he had much travel in his life that he can be considered as the man with no roots at all. But Langston had his heart dedicated to voicing out the experiences and the sorrow of the African American people. During his time, he created poems, plays, and books about the black making real their status in the society. He was one of the great men who were against racism and inequality. He found direction in his life not just through writing but also to listening to jazz and blues. He was the kind of man who would sit in a bar and listen to music and in that way he created a new direction not just in his poetry but in art itself. His importance and value was seen in the way he made other blacks to reach out their longings to the society, their wanting not just to be free from racism but also to be seen and valued like the whites. Hughes spoke of value as a man for the Blacks.The Harlem Renaissance characterized by new ideas was emphasized by Hughes through his music and poetry. One of his famous poem was â€Å"The Negro speaks of River† helped him make a good start in the world of poetry and cultural exposition.The Negro Speaks of Rivers (to W. E. B. B. DuBois)I've known rivers: I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins.My soul has grown deep like the rivers.I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep.I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln wentdown to New Orleans, and I've seen its muddy bosom turnall golden in the sunset.In this poem, he gave significance to the â€Å"Blacks† being the builders of civilization, something that should be considered in history. For a long time, prior to the African American Cultur al Movement, the black people have experienced injustice in different forms, whether at work, in school and in the community as a whole. Their existence was seen to be less than the white where some African American people would say that they never really existed at all. The poem speaks of the places known to every black, and it can be noticed that these places all have historical significance.The persona and his comrades not only look for significance and visibility but also for home. The poem creates an image of longing for home where there is comfort and justice. The words â€Å"lulled me to sleep† are quite powerful for the readers to see what is being longed for by the persona, that’s none other than tranquility within. This can be related to the home that the blacks have searched for a long time in the community of whites who dominated and received the best of what the world could offer. The poem also raises the blacks’ voice of considering them the builde rs of growth and civilization because they have always been there, in the past, in the present and in the future. Hughes tried to create an immortal stand of the blacks against invisibility, an element that made racism flourish.Another poem by Langston Hughes entitled â€Å"Dream Deffered† exposes sorrow and heavy burden in life. â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore and then run?†Ã‚   The poem is made of questions that seem to be unending. The tone is with hopelessness. The language used was simple, simple enough to be understood that it’s all about dreams of the blacks that were held long enough by time. Possibilities and ways of the process of disappearance can be seen in the poem like for example drying up from the heat of the sun which was mentioned a while ago.The line â€Å"Does it stink in a rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over – like a syrupty sweet?† is another question that may be related to the kind of death that blacks experience. The image of a rotten meat suggests something mournful and intolerable while the latter is an image of a sweet death. It makes one wonder just how tolerable is it to just throw one’s body into the river because the one who died is not really that significant and his existence is not really valued, a very common scenario of the black people who are enslaved and sold to the market of the whites. But more than the question of privilege for a peaceful death is their â€Å"right† to have it. If they are removed of the privilege to have even a good burial or death, should the question on chances for a good fate be questioned still?The tone for â€Å"Quiet Girl† can also be likened to â€Å"Dream Deffered† as it speaks also of grief over a status or position but the difference is that there is a glimpse of hope that can be seen in it.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I would liken you to a night without stars were it not fo r your eyes. I would liken you to a sleep without dreams were it not for your songs.†   The night without stars can be seen as another hopeless case of some sort in the scene, however, it is given a sprinkle of a good chance through the eyes that was silently assumed to sparkle instead of the stars. The songs were made powerful in attaining a tranquil sleep even if there was no dream. The wonderful thing that can be derived from the poem is the sound of continuity of life despite some faulty circumstances in the lives of the black. There is the balance that is being claimed from the poem, the balance that could give meaning to the blacks’ existence.But if there is one particular poem that can characterize the present African Americans, with the way they react and live in the present society, that would be the poem â€Å"Me and the Mule.†My old mule, He's gota grin on his face. He's been a mule so long He's forgotten about his race.I'm like that old mule   Black — and don't give a damn! You got to take me Like I am.A mule that is known for its good working ability for an animal not only works for nothing, but also works for a master. But that can be one point of the poem. It can be seen also in a positive sense in the way that there is a courage directly shown from the mule and from the persona to not care, yes, not care at all from all the discrimination that he has experienced and from what the world tells about him. The mule just like the persona shall continue to live no matter how hard it is to exist and no matter how heavy the load seems. The present though doesn’t change the blacks’ past. Still, even after the Harlem Renaissance, it can’t be denied that they were still despised of their rights to experience a just treatment. But right now they are already visible, yet they will still be like the mule that won’t give a â€Å"damn† to the society’s offensive thoughts. Perhaps, ju st like the mule, giving no â€Å"damn† will make them live longer, and stronger.Hughes was able to see and react on the basis of his position and his art, his love for music, poetry and plays made him more than a figure of the Harlem renaissance. He made himself and his race visible to the world and worth it of the great and positive changes with the way blacks are treated. More than a poet, Langston Hughes was the big difference of the Harlem Renaissance.Sourcesâ€Å"A Renaissance Man.† April 23, 2007   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Langston Hughes.† April 23, 2007 â€Å"Langston Hughes Biography.† April 24, 2007 â€Å"Langston Hughes.† April 24, 2007

Flann OBrien, Dickens and Joyce Form, Identity and...

Flann OBrien, Dickens and Joyce: Form, Identity and Colonial Influences All quotations from The Third Policeman are taken from the 1993 Flamingo Modern Classic edition. In this essay I intend to examine Flann OBriens The Third Policeman in the context of the time of its writing, 1940, its relation to certain English novelistic traditions and also the broader Irish literary tradition in which it belongs. Seamus Deane refers to Ireland as a Strange Country and indeed OBriens own narrator recalls the words of his father: . . . he would mention Parnell with the customers and say that Ireland was a queer country. (7) Such a concurrence indicates to a degree the peculiar nature of the Irish situation with regard to†¦show more content†¦The publication of Ulysses with what Declan Kiberd has called its . . . cathedral-like structure . . . (Interview), left an anxiety of influence for many Irish writers. Where could one go fictionally after Ulysses? Ulysses, seen as an attempt at an all encompassing, encyclopaedic form is more indicative of a post-colonial mimic anxiety than the work of OBrien. Post-colonial is used here in the sense of the beginning of resistance rather than as a chronological marker. The cathedral-like structure while splendid, and the pointed satire of parody of English form suggests a literary materialism and an overwhelming desire to beat them at their own game. To install oneself and ones work in the epic tradition may well place one on the European literary map but it may also betray an anxiety which legitimates such hegemony. OBriens subversion of bildungsroman and flight into a non-realist surrealistic mode is suggestive also of a more pressing discontent with the Irish Free State and its intolerance of difference. The balloon episode functions as an allegory of a tendency to prohibit freedom and intrude upon the privacy of the individual. (163-65) Sergeant Pluck concludes: That is a nice piece of law and order for you, a terrific indictment of democratic self-government, a beautiful commentary on Home Rule. (165) A certain

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Social and Environmental Factors Causing Obesity in Children

In recent years, rates of childhood obesity in the UK have remained consistently high and the percentage of children aged between two and fifteen years’ old classed as obese from 16% in 2008, to 19% in 2010. From what we know by World Health Organization, there were nearly 40 million children under 5 years’ old overweighed in 2010 across the world. Obesity is a medical condition that children who carry excess body fat accumulated which may have a negative impact on health. This problem is mostly caused by constantly consuming more calories from food and drink than their body uses and not doing enough physical exercises. It is well known that children often will need to take in more calories than they use, as the extra energy taken are used for their growing up. However, regularly take in too much energy without doing enough physical activities will result the energy being stored as fat and they will put on excess weight. Children need a balanced diet in order to grow up healthily. Because of this, WHO banned the advertising of certain unhealthy food through media aimed primarily at children. They also assume that children can be influenced by many social and environmental factors as they are still developing their cognitive abilities to recognise and manage their emotions or feelings; Secondly, they may put their own needs and interests above those of others, as they are very spontaneous and self-centred. While watching some advertising on TV, they might be easilyShow MoreRelatedThe International Study Of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle And The Environment ( Isole ) Design And Methods1470 Words   |  6 Pagesobese children: A questionnaire survey of general practitioners and parents in England (Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health). 2. Paper 2: Features of the built environment related to the Physical activity friendliness and Children’s Obesity and other risk factors (Public Health Nursing). 3. 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Mgt 301 Free Essays

Case study page 600: Question one: What has sustained Southwest culture? Southwest Airlines has a strong culture that lasted for 32 years. The organization’s core values are intensely held and widely shared by the whole organization, meaning that all employees believe in and stick to the organizational culture which makes sense why it’s regarded as having a strong culture. Which is reflected through their performance, loyalty and commitment, even when others competitors rose in the market, employees still never left the organization although they demanded better pay. We will write a custom essay sample on Mgt 301 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other reasons might be: Selection: workers were selected on the basis of having a sense of humour and other qualities but sense of humour has been a basic criterion. Top management: always motivated employees by portraying the airline as the underdog. Also allowing a large portion of the compensation to be in the form of stocks ,therefore sharing profits. Finally the provision of job security. Socialization: as mentioned in the case study that the company encouraged it’s employees too work hard and at the same time have a good time. Question two: Do you think upstart airlines can successfully duplicate this culture? It might be able to duplicate part of the culture but not all of it, since they already penetrated the market with their competitive edges as offering reserved seats, free live-satellite TV, more fuel-efficient planes and younger lower paid workers. Which makes sense why they can hardly see themselves as the underdogs, since they are likely to win being the top dogs of the market. Question three: Now that the company is no longer the underdog what can Southwest’s anagement do to retain it’s high-productivity culture? The organization should motivate employees to work as hard as they were before. The case now is that part of their compensation is cut due to the decrease of their shares’ value and dividends. Which justifies their aggressive demand for having higher wages and less working hours. Southwest should try to enhance it’s service and attract new customers through th e provision of in-flight entertainment, purchasing new jets and other benefits that would make them competitive in the market place. At that, time employees would be able to work harder. Question four: What dose the case imply about sustaining culture in a changing environment? Any organization should constantly evaluate the market for new technological developments and customer’s needs, because changing organizational culture is the hard way. As it involves changing people’s behavior; how they think, how they act and interact with one another in order to achieve the organization’s objectives. How to cite Mgt 301, Papers

Power of Context free essay sample

The Power of Context In Malcolm Gladwell’s â€Å"The Power of Context,† Gladwell states that actions that people commit, whether good or bad, are influenced by the nature of the situation more than their actual intentions. The psychological tendency for our minds to morph mannerisms and behavioral information into character explains the â€Å"context† portion of Gladwell’s theory. Gladwell wanted to prove his theory that by applying his â€Å"Power of Context† theory into the numerous incidents and experiments that were conducted in history. Throughout history, experiments showed that there was a strong correlation between the changes in context with the changes in character. In modern society, people often take impromptu action and abandon their responsibilities as a law-abiding citizen when in a critical situation because the Power of Context states that the human behavior is strongly influenced by its environment. During the 1980s where crime rates were skyrocketing and the subway system was at the brink of closing down, a subway shooting occurred involving a disciplinarian and a law-abiding citizen and four juvenile delinquents. A man named Bernhard Goetz entered the train and sat next to four young black men. These four men were notorious for several crimes, they were the most feared around the area that Goetz lived in; one of the four men, Troy Canty, walked up to Goetz and demanded that Goetz would give him money. Goetz was in a situation where he was about to get robbed and that these four men were not going to stop unless someone stepped up to them and teaches them a lesson and Goetz thought he was the perfect candidate due to his history of being strictly disciplined by his father. Goetz also had a history of being mugged by three people who were also black and subdued one of the attackers after he was robbed. Unfortunately for Goetz the person that was part of the gang that mugged him was released with only a misdemeanor which left Goetz resentful. Gladwell states that Goetz was, â€Å"a man with an authority problem, with a strong sense that the system wasn’t working† (158). Another member of the group, James Ramseur, pointed out to Goetz that he had a weapon in his pocket and Goetz immediately assumed that it was a gun. Goetz then said that he looked up as saw Canty’s eyes, â€Å"eyes were shiny, and he was enjoying himself†¦. He had a big smile on his face† (152). After looking at the mysterious bulge in Ramseur’s pocket and Canty’s eyes Goetz realizes that he was in a kill or be killed situation. Goetz, without hesitation, pulled out his firearm and shot the four young men. The situation now was Goetz had the authority over the four men, he felt empowered by the sense of justice that was flowing through him by putting down the four hoodlums, but in reality Goetz lost his sense of what was right and wrong. Goetz was shrouded by his past and the environment he was in that made him lose his image of being an average citizen. In the 1980s where the subway system was at the brink of closing down, two people, Gunn and Bratton, applied the ‘Broken Windows Theory’ to save the subway system.. Graffiti was a huge factor on why crime was spreading so rapidly in New York City. The sight of a subway car not being maintained gives off a signal to people that the authorities do not care about what goes on in the subway system and Gunn demanded that instead of replacing the old trains, which were constantly vandalized over the years, he wanted to remove the graffiti that was repeatedly painted on the trains. Gunn used this method so that no matter how many times kids tried to put graffiti on the trains that it would worthless and eventually they would cease. After a long and strenuous graffiti cleanup which went over the duration of years, kids began to notice that the subway system began to take action and that trying to continue to vandalize the subway trains would be futile. Bratton on the other hand began to focus on fare-beaters, people who slip through the subway railings without paying, and began to arrest them. Bratton, like Gunn, applied the ‘Broken Window Theory’ and managed to lower crime rates in the subway system and in New York City. Society, before Gunn and Bratton began their experiment, was under the influence of the environment of the subway systems. The authorities had no time to arrest people for minor crimes and since vandalism and fare-beating was such a common practice, people began to feel a sense of anarchy. Regular citizens that stick to the law see most of the populace fare-beating and committing various crimes that they give in to the environment and begin to commit the same crimes as the criminals; therefore, abandoning their responsibilities and roles as model law-abiding citizens. During the 1970s Zimbardo conducted a ‘mock prison’ experiment where he wanted to find out why prisons were such nasty places. In this experiment Zimbardo gathered twenty-five healthy and normal looking people to participate in one of his experiments. At first the prison guards who, â€Å"previously identified themselves as pacifists† (161), became strict and sadistic towards the prisoners. The people that played the role as the prison guards received a sense of authority over the prisoners and felt that they had the right to do whatever they want to the prisoners. The prisoners were very passive about receiving punishment from the guards but later on it became the same case for the prisoners; they slowly began to rebel on the second day of the experiment. The guards forced the prisoners to â€Å"do push-ups, line up against the wall, and perform arbitrary tasks† (161). The prisoners felt that their sense of dignity, humanity, and sanity was stripped away from them as they were performing these tasks. Once a normal, healthy group of people slowly began to lose sight of their identity and morals; furthermore, the people that volunteered to be prisoners and the people that volunteered to be guards slowly began to settle into their roles. Zimbardo called off the experiment, which was supposed to be a two week session, after six days due to multiple signs of breakdowns. After the experiment, the people that volunteered were asked questions about the experiment; one volunteer said that when he was playing the role of a prisoner he lost his inner thoughts and somewhere deep in his heart, his inner prison self emerged and took over. Another volunteer who took the role as a guard stated that he was trying to think of the most creative way to mentally and physically torture the inmates. This experiment shows that society cannot interpret people by their behavior and traits but by the situation and context. The situation of the experiment was so powerful that the volunteers that were mentally and physically healthy turned into something that they thought they would never become. The guards became so lax about torturing prisoners and the prisoners found a reason to rebel; therefore, both the guards and the prisoners believed that it was right to turn away from being a law-abiding citizen into their respective roles. Two Princeton University psychologists, John Darley and Daniel Batson conducted the Good Samaritan experiment to find out whether or not the people who called themselves ‘seminarians’ would stop and help an injured man despite the fact that they had to prepare and present a talk on a given theme of the bible. The experiment produced shocking results; only ten percent of the people that were told that they were late and only sixty-three percent of the people that weren’t late helped the man. People that were told they were late were ostensibly more concerned about preparing the speech than helping the injured man. Even though the seminarians said they are who they are, they literally, as Darley and Batson stated, â€Å"stepped over the victim as he hurried away† (164). In addition, people that were told that they had time a little over half the people went to help the man while the remaining thirty-seven percent of the people ignored the man. This experiment proved that people despite being told the story of the Good Samaritan, only a small handful of people that were told they were late became engrossed at the idea that they had a presentation and that they were late. People are faced with a different situation every day. Whether good or bad it depends on how they interpret it. Gladwell is telling the audience that normal people can often change into people that they never thought of becoming. Law-abiding citizens have their own ways of interpreting the situation and their actions may not always reflect on their everyday behavior. Gladwell emphasizes the relationship between the changes in context with the change in character. His theory states that the nature of character is not determined by their actions or their mentality but by their surroundings. It all depends on the how critical the situation is and how that situation can influence the way people think and act.